ADHD Medication in the UK: What You Need to Know
If you’ve just been diagnosed with ADHD—or you’re wondering what treatment might involve—one of the first things you’ll probably hear about is medication. For many people, the right medication can make a huge difference in daily life, from staying focused at work to managing family routines. But how does it actually work, and what are your options here in the UK? Let’s break it down.
Why medication is used in ADHD treatment
ADHD is linked to how the brain regulates certain chemicals, like dopamine and noradrenaline, which affect attention, motivation, and impulse control. Medication helps to balance those systems so tasks that once felt overwhelming become more manageable.
In the UK, prescriptions for ADHD medication have increased year on year. This isn’t about over-medicating—it reflects greater awareness, more diagnoses, and people finally getting the support they need.
It’s also important to know that medication isn’t the only option. Lifestyle strategies, coaching, and therapy all play a role. For many, the best results come from combining approaches.
The main types of ADHD medication
Stimulants
These are usually the first option for both adults and children. Common names you might recognise include:
Methylphenidate (Concerta XL, Medikinet, Equasym XL)
Lisdexamfetamine (Elvanse)
Dexamfetamine (Dexedrine)
They work quickly, often within an hour, and can have a noticeable effect on focus and impulsivity.
Non-stimulants
If stimulants don’t suit you, there are alternatives:
Atomoxetine (Strattera)
Guanfacine (Intuniv)
These take longer to build up but can be just as valuable, especially if side effects are an issue.
All of these medicines are approved in the UK and covered under NICE guidelines, so they’re carefully regulated for safety.
How do these medicines actually work?
Think of it as fine-tuning the brain’s chemistry.
Stimulants boost dopamine and noradrenaline, making it easier to start and finish tasks.
Atomoxetine increases noradrenaline in a steadier way.
Guanfacine calms over-activity in certain brain circuits.
Research shows stimulants help around 7 to 8 out of 10 people. Non-stimulants work for many of the rest.
How to get ADHD medication in the UK
Through the NHS
Speak to your GP for a referral.
See a specialist for a full assessment.
If ADHD is diagnosed, medication can be started and adjusted (a process called titration).
Once stable, your GP may take over repeat prescriptions under a “shared care” plan.
Privately
Private clinics can often see you sooner. They handle diagnosis, titration, and prescribing. Some GPs will accept a shared care plan from a private specialist, but not all—so you may stay on private prescriptions.
Costs
NHS: standard prescription charge (£9.90 in England).
Private: you’ll pay for follow-ups (£80–£120 on average) plus the pharmacy cost of the medication itself.
Managing your medication
Starting medication can feel like trial and error. Most people begin on a low dose, which is gradually increased until the balance of benefits and side effects feels right.
You’ll usually have regular check-ins to track:
Symptom changes
Blood pressure and heart rate
Sleep, appetite, and mood
Over time, the dose may be adjusted. Reviews are recommended at least once a year.
FAQs
What’s the “best” ADHD medication?
There isn’t one best option. Stimulants like methylphenidate or lisdexamfetamine are usually tried first, but what works depends on your body and circumstances.
What side effects should I expect?
Appetite loss and sleep difficulties are the most common. Headaches or stomach issues can also happen. These often improve after a few weeks, but regular monitoring is key.
Are the pros worth the cons?
For most people, yes. When side effects are managed, medication can improve focus, organisation, and overall quality of life. But it’s always a personal decision, made with your clinician.
Final thoughts
Medication isn’t for everyone, but for many people with ADHD it’s a game-changer. Whether you go through the NHS or a private clinic, you’ll be supported with careful monitoring and clear guidelines. And remember: the best results usually come from combining medication with practical tools, therapy, and lifestyle strategies.
